{"id":17688,"date":"2020-12-02T04:44:46","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T12:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/?p=17688"},"modified":"2023-12-01T04:05:10","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T12:05:10","slug":"python-super","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-super\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Super: A How-To Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>The Python super() method lets you access methods from a parent class from within a child class. This helps reduce repetition in your code. super() does not accept any arguments.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One core feature of object-oriented programming languages like Python is inheritance. Inheritance is when a new class uses code from another class to create the new class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you\u2019re inheriting classes, you may want to gain access to methods from a parent class. That\u2019s where the <em>super()<\/em> function comes in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tutorial will discuss, with examples, the basics of inheritance in Python. Then, we&#8217;ll talk about how to use the <em>super()<\/em> function to inherit values and methods from a parent class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Python Super?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Python super() method lets you access methods in a parent class. You can think of super() as a way to jump up to view the methods in the class from which another class is inherited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the syntax for the super() method:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>class Food():\n\tdef __init__(self, name):\n\t\tself.name = name\nclass Cheese(Food):\n\tdef __init__(self, brand):\n\t\tsuper().__init__()\n\t\tself.brand = brand<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The super() method does not accept any arguments. You specify the method you want to inherit after the super() method. The above Cheese <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-class\/\">Python class<\/a> inherits the values from the Food class __init__() method. We call the super() class method to inherit values from the Food class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-inheritance\/\">Python inheritance<\/a> refers to a process where a new class uses code from an existing class to define the structure of the new class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One way to think about inheritance is to consider how children inherit characteristics from their parents. A child can have the same hair color as their parents, and also inherit their surname from their parents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python, there are two types of classes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Child classes (or \u201csub classes\u201d) inherit methods and variables. Child class are sometimes called sibling classes.<\/li><li>Parent classes (or \u201cbase classes\u201d) are classes whose values can be inherited.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">super() Python: Inherit from __init__()<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose we are building a bank account system that tracks the credentials of people who hold an account at a bank. To do so, we want to create a class that stores data for checking accounts. We could do so using this code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>class CheckingAccount:\n\tdef __init__(self, name, balance):\n\t\tself.name = name\n\t\tself.balance = balance\n\n\tdef checkBalance(self):\n\t\tprint(&quot;Balance:&quot;, self.balance)<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This code creates a blueprint of a checking account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, suppose we want to create a class that stores the blueprint for child bank accounts, which we will call <em>ChildAccount<\/em>. This class should be based on the <em>CheckingAccount<\/em> class that we defined earlier. To do so, we can make use of the <em>super()<\/em> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>super()<\/em> allows you to access methods of a parent class inside a child class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our example, our parent class is called <em>CheckingAccount<\/em>, and our child class is called <em>ChildAccount<\/em>. <em>CheckingAccount<\/em> creates the blueprint for a bank account, and <em>ChildAccount<\/em> inherits values from <em>CheckingAccount<\/em> to create its own class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Add a New Value to a Class<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, suppose we want the <em>ChildAccount<\/em> class to inherit the values stored in our <em>CheckingAccount<\/em>. But, we also want this account to store a new value called <em>is_child<\/em>, which should be equal to True by default.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We could make our new <em>ChildAccount<\/em> class using this code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>class ChildAccount(CheckingAccount):\n\tdef __init__(self, name, balance, is_child=True):\n\t\tself.is_child = is_child\n\t\tsuper().__init__(name, balance)<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This code creates a blueprint for our new <em>ChildAccount<\/em> class. We use the <em>super()<\/em> method to inherit the name and balance values from the <em>CheckingAccount<\/em> class. We specify <em>CheckingAccount<\/em> as the parent class in parentheses in the first line of our class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This shows that <em>super()<\/em> allows you to inherit all the values from another class. But, in our code, we have also declared a new value called <em>is_child<\/em>. This value will only be accessible to any <em>ChildAccount<\/em> because we declared it in the <em>ChildAccount<\/em> class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To create an instance of our class for a child account holder, we can use this code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>lynn = ChildAccount(&quot;Lynn&quot;, 200)\nprint(lynn.name)\nprint(lynn.balance)\nprint(lynn.is_child)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our code returns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>Lynn\n200\nTrue<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We have declared an instance of the <em>ChildAccount<\/em> class assigned to the <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-variables\/\">Python variable<\/a> <em>lynn<\/em>. <em>lynn<\/em> is a class object because we have declared the value of <em>lynn<\/em> using an object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lynn\u2019s account has $200, and the value of <em>is_child<\/em> is True by default. Then, we have printed out the values of <em>name<\/em>, <em>balance<\/em>, <em>is_child<\/em> associated with Lynn\u2019s account. We print these values to the console using the <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-print-without-new-line\/\">Python print() method<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because we inherited <em>name<\/em> and <em>balance<\/em> from the <em>CheckingAccount<\/em> class, we were able to use them in our code. But, Lynn\u2019s account also has a value set for <em>is_child<\/em>, which is set to True by default for all instances of the <em>ChildAccount<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">super() Python: Inherit Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>super()<\/em> allows you to inherit classes either using single-level inheritance\u2014inheriting a class from a parent class. Or you can use <em>super()<\/em> with multilevel inheritance. For this example, we\u2019ll focus on single-level inheritance with <em>super()<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our earlier example, we used <em>super()<\/em> to inherit values stored in the <em>CheckingAccount<\/em> class, and make them accessible in the <em>ChildAccount<\/em> class. But what if we want to inherit a method and modify its response?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s go back to our CheckingAccount class from earlier:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>class CheckingAccount:\n\tdef __init__(self, name, balance):\n\t\tself.name = name\n\t\tself.balance = balance\n\n\tdef checkBalance(self):\n\t\tprint(&quot;Balance:&quot;, self.balance)<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In this class, we have defined the blueprint for values the class should store \u2014 <em>name<\/em> and <em>balance<\/em>. We defined a method called <em>checkBalance()<\/em> which allows a user to check their balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, suppose we want to make <em>checkBalance()<\/em> accessible to our <em>ChildAccount<\/em>. We want to also print a message stating &#8220;<em>You are a child account holder!&#8221;<\/em> This should appear before the user\u2019s balance is printed to the console.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We could access our inherited methods like so:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>class ChildAccount(CheckingAccount):\n\tdef __init__(self, name, balance, is_child=True):\n\t\tself.is_child = is_child\n\t\tsuper().__init__(name, balance)\n\n\tdef checkBalance(self):\n\t\tprint(&quot;You are a child account holder!&quot;)\n\t\tsuper().checkBalance()\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We have declared a new version of the <em>checkBalance()<\/em> method in the <em>ChildAccount<\/em> class. This version first prints &#8220;<em>You are a child account holder!&#8221;<\/em> to the console. Then our code it uses <em>super()<\/em> to execute the <em>checkBalance()<\/em> method from the class\u2019 parent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, when <em>super().checkBalance()<\/em> runs, the <em>checkBalance()<\/em> function from the <em>CheckingAccount<\/em> class is executed. This prints out the user\u2019s balance to the console.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, let\u2019s try to access our <em>checkBalance()<\/em> method for Lynn\u2019s account:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>lynn = ChildAccount(&quot;Lynn&quot;, 200)\nlynn.checkBalance()\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our code returns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>You are a child account holder!\nBalance: 250<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>When we call the method <em>lynn.checkBalance()<\/em>, the code in our <em>ChildAccount.checkBalance()<\/em> method is run, and then the super object executes the code in the <em>CheckingAccount.checkBalance()<\/em> method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>super()<\/em> function allows us to use parent methods, while still being able to overwrite those methods in our child classes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Python <em>super()<\/em> function lets you inherit methods from a parent class. The super() function helps you write more readable code because you can reuse code from existing functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tutorial discussed, with examples, how to use the <em>super()<\/em> function to inherit values and methods from a parent class. Now you\u2019re equipped with the knowledge you need to start using the super() function like a Python professional!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more resources on Python programming, read our complete <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/how-to-learn-python\/\">How to Learn Python guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The Python super() method lets you access methods from a parent class from within a child class. This helps reduce repetition in your code. super() does not accept any arguments. One core feature of object-oriented programming languages like Python is inheritance. Inheritance is when a new class uses code from another class to create the&hellip;","protected":false},"author":240,"featured_media":17690,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16578],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-17688","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-python"},"acf":{"post_sub_title":"","sprint_id":"","query_class":"Python","school_sft":"","parent_sft":"","school_privacy_policy":"","has_review":null,"is_sponser_post":"","is_guest_post":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Python Super: A How-To Guide | Career Karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Python super() function allows you to access methods of a parent class from a child class. 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He has experience in range of programming languages and extensive expertise in Python, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. James has written hundreds of programming tutorials, and he frequently contributes to publications like Codecademy, Treehouse, Repl.it, Afrotech, and others.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/author\/jamesgallagher\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Python Super: A How-To Guide | Career Karma","description":"The Python super() function allows you to access methods of a parent class from a child class. 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