{"id":18639,"date":"2020-06-29T16:03:33","date_gmt":"2020-06-29T23:03:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/?p=18639"},"modified":"2023-12-01T03:35:45","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T11:35:45","slug":"python-modules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-modules\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Modules: How to Create a Module"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Modules are a feature of Python that allow you to divide your code into multiple files. Python modules are files that end in the \u201c.py\u201d extension.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, we\u2019ll provide examples and you\u2019ll learn how to create a Python module.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Python Modules: A Primer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A module is another word for a Python program file. This means that any file in a Python project that ends in the <code>.py<\/code> extension can be treated as a module. Modules can include functions, variables and classes, and can also import their own libraries.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three main types of modules in Python:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Built-in Modules<\/strong>: These are modules that are part of the Python Standard Library. They are packaged with your Python installation. Some examples include logging and time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>External Modules<\/strong>: These are modules you have installed using pip, Python\u2019s package management tool.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>User-Defined Modules<\/strong>: These are functions defined by you in your Python program.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Writing modules can help you preserve the readability of your code. While it\u2019s technically possible to write all of the code for a program in one file, it\u2019s not the best idea. Knowing where and how to make changes to a file with potentially thousands of lines of code is difficult.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We recommend reading our tutorial on the Python import statement if you\u2019re not familiar with how it works already.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Write a Python Module<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, we\u2019re going to write a program for a bank that stores the balances of their customers. Let\u2019s begin.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To start, we are going to create a function that welcomes the user to the bank\u2019s balance tracking system. We are going to write this function in a file called bank.py, which will store the code for our bank tracking system.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>def welcome_message():\n\tprint(\"Welcome to Python Bank!\")\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>When we run this program, nothing will happen. This is because we haven\u2019t called our function. To use our code, we are going to create a new file called main.py. This will store the main code for our program:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>import bank\nbank.welcome_message()\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In our code, we have imported the <code>bank<\/code> module from our <code>bank.py<\/code> file. We have then called the <code>welcome_message()<\/code> function in our <code>bank<\/code> module. Our code returns:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Welcome to Python Bank!<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While our <code>print() <\/code>statement is in the <code>bank.py<\/code> file, using the <code>import<\/code> keyword we can call that code in our main program. This is a basic example of how you can run code from a different file in Python, but there\u2019s a lot more you can do with a module.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Classes with Python Modules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose we want to create a class which stores the data of a customer in our bank. We\u2019re going to define this class in our <code>bank.py<\/code> file, so it is away from our main program:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>def welcome_message():\n\tprint(\"Welcome to Python Bank!\")\nclass Customer:\n\tdef __init__(self, name, balance):\n\t\tself.name = name\n\t\tself.balance = balance\n\tdef show_customer(self):\n\t\tprint(\"Name: \" + self.name)\n\t\tprint(\"Balance: $\" + int(self.balance))<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s go back to our main.py file so we can use this code. We\u2019re going to add in the following code which creates an instance of the Customer class. This instance will store the name and balance of Lucy, a new customer to the bank.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our main.py file now looks like this:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>import bank\nbank.welcome_message()\nlucy = bank.Customer(\"Lucy\", 75)\nlucy.show_customer()\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our code returns:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Welcome to Python Bank!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Name: Lucy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Balance: $75<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our code, we have declared an instance of the Customer class called \u201clucy\u201d. Lucy\u2019s account has the name \u201cLucy\u201d and a balance of $75.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can see, the code for our Customer class is not stored in our main program.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead, this code is in our <code>bank.py<\/code> file. The \u201cimport\u201d statement allows us to retrieve all the code in the <code>bank.py<\/code> file so we can use it in our code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Import Modules from Another Folder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Python, you can use modules that are stored in different directories.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our last example, our \u201cbank.py\u201d module was in the same folder as our \u201cmain.py\u201d folder.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is because our program is short and so we don\u2019t have a need for a separate module folder. But, if you are writing a larger program, you may want to store modules in separate folders.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To do so, you can use the \u201cfrom\u201d keyword. This will allow you to specify the folder from which you want to import a module.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s say we are moving our <code>bank.py<\/code> module into a folder called <code>bank_details<\/code>. We could then import specific modules in our code by changing our import statement from \u201cimport bank\u201d to:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>from bank_details import bank<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This will allow us to import the contents of our <code>bank.py<\/code> file into our program. <code>from bank_details<\/code> tells our program where to find the module, which is often called the module namespace. In this case, <code>bank_details<\/code> is the module namespace and is the file containing the Python code that we use in our program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s no difference between writing a module and any other Python file. A module is simply a file in Python. When used with an \u201cimport\u201d statement, you can use modules to break up your code. This is useful because it means you don\u2019t need to store all the code for your program in one file; you can split it up into multiple files and categorize your code accordingly.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Modules are a feature of Python that allow you to divide your code into multiple files. Python modules are files that end in the \u201c.py\u201d extension. In this guide, we\u2019ll provide examples and you\u2019ll learn how to create a Python module. Python Modules: A Primer A module is another word for a Python program file.&hellip;","protected":false},"author":240,"featured_media":18640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16578],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-18639","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-python"},"acf":{"post_sub_title":"","sprint_id":"","query_class":"Python","school_sft":"","parent_sft":"","school_privacy_policy":"","has_review":"","is_sponser_post":"","is_guest_post":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Python Modules: How to Create a Module | Career Karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modules allow you to split up your Python code into multiple files. 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