{"id":21000,"date":"2020-08-07T21:46:49","date_gmt":"2020-08-08T04:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/?p=21000"},"modified":"2021-01-04T05:50:06","modified_gmt":"2021-01-04T13:50:06","slug":"sql-if-functions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/sql-if-functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Using MySQL\u2019s IF(), NULLIF(), and IFNULL() Functions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Just like other programming languages, the structured query language has conditional statements that control the flow of data. The IF function returns a statement if condition is met and another type statement (or none at all) if not met. Let\u2019s look at the SQL IF function using MySQL.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Preparation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This <a href=\"http:\/\/sqlfiddle.com\/#!9\/6ef87e\/1\/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" rel=\"nofollow\">SQL Fiddle<\/a> links to a sample schema that contains names, ages and gender \u2013 this is what we work with in this article. Create a table in your own IDE with this schema: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>create table names (\n   id INT,\n   name VARCHAR(50),\n   age INT,\n   gender VARCHAR(50)\n);\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (1, 'Bret Starkings', 55, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (2, 'Bobbye Eyckel', 76, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (3, 'Barbie Veschi', 50, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (4, 'Electra Blazewicz', 47, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (5, 'Estrella Borleace', 57, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (6, 'Washington Pittwood', 75, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (7, 'Phaedra Tertre', 27, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (8, 'Nicolina Elie', 76, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (9, 'Hugh Hughson', 86, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (10, 'Dare Ravilious', 59, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (11, 'Cad Levins', 13, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (12, 'Sollie Kimbury', 33, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (13, 'Elga Rearie', 61, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (14, 'Cherey Terron', 54, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (15, 'Abbie Kent', 23, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (38, 'Nelia Picot', 2, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (39, 'Benedetto Smithin', 33, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (40, 'Rickie Maymand', 83, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (41, 'Kristoforo Dashkov', 6, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (42, 'Cherice Genty', 6, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (43, 'Shirley Fake', 95, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (44, 'Aeriel Plant', 36, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (45, 'Halimeda Gook', 74, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (46, 'Minor Harriot', 63, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (47, 'Greggory Found', 61, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (48, 'Vivien Braund', 94, 'F');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (49, 'Gaylord Pochet', 96, 'M');\ninsert into names (id, name, age, gender) values (77, 'Nataline Sealand', 43, 'F')<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>IF()<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>IF(expression ,expr_true, expr_false);<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The syntax for the IF function in a MySQL database uses the IF keyword and then takes in three parameters: the boolean expression the function is evaluating, the statement to return if the condition is true, and then the statement to return if the condition is false.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>SELECT name, age, IF(age &gt;= 18, &quot;YES&quot;, &quot;NO&quot;) AS OVER_18\nFROM names;<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our query above selects the name and age of our entry then selects a conditional that we call OVER_18. Our SQL partial results are shown below (You can see full results in this <a href=\"http:\/\/sqlfiddle.com\/#!9\/6ef87e\/10\/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" rel=\"nofollow\">SQL Fiddle<\/a>):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"wp-block-table course-info-table\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>name<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>age<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>OVER_18<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bret Starkings<\/td><td>55<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bobbye Eyckel<\/td><td>76<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Barbie Veschi<\/td><td>50<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electra Blazewicz<\/td><td>47<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Estrella Borleace<\/td><td>57<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Washington Pittwood<\/td><td>75<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Phaedra Tertre<\/td><td>27<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nicolina Elie<\/td><td>76<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hugh Hughson<\/td><td>86<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dare Ravilious<\/td><td>59<\/td><td>YES<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cad Levins<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>NO<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>IFNULL()<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>IFNULL()<\/code> is a conditional statement that asks whether or not the first expression is NULL. If it is, it returns the second expression and not the first.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>IFNULL(NULL, 2) \u21d2 returns 2\nIFNULL(0, 4) \u21d2 returns 0\n\nSELECT name, IFNULL(age, &quot;NOT ENTERED&quot;) AS age\nFROM names;<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This MySQL statement returns a column called age that will overwrite every NULL entry with the string \u201cNOT ENTERED\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>NULLIF()<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>NULLIF()<\/code> returns NULL when both expressions passed into the function are equal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>SELECT name, NULLIF(name, age) AS \nFROM names;<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an extreme example because there would probably never be a case where the name and the age would be equal, but this is how the syntax would at least be written. Can you think of a case where this statement block would be beneficial?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In MySQL, there are a couple of different if functions that allow us to control the flow of our data. These concepts are translated to whichever database you are working with \u2013 check out the docs for more information about the syntax about your specific database.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Just like other programming languages, the structured query language has conditional statements that control the flow of data. The IF function returns a statement if condition is met and another type statement (or none at all) if not met. Let\u2019s look at the SQL IF function using MySQL.&nbsp; Preparation This SQL Fiddle links to a&hellip;","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":21001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17284],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21000","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-sql"},"acf":{"post_sub_title":"","sprint_id":"","query_class":"SQL","school_sft":"","parent_sft":"","school_privacy_policy":"","has_review":null,"is_sponser_post":"","is_guest_post":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Using MySQL\u2019s IF(), NULLIF(), and IFNULL() Functions | Career Karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MySQL has IF functions that allow us to control the data flow in our SQL statement blocks. 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