{"id":21192,"date":"2020-08-14T01:49:47","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T08:49:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/?p=21192"},"modified":"2023-12-01T03:57:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T11:57:51","slug":"python-missing-required-positional-argument-self","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-missing-required-positional-argument-self\/","title":{"rendered":"Python missing 1 required positional argument: \u2018self\u2019 Solution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-class\/\">Python classes<\/a> need to be instantiated, or called, before you can access their methods. If you forget to instantiate an object of a class and try to access a class method, you encounter an error saying \u201cmissing 1 required positional argument: \u2018self\u2019\u201d.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, we talk about what this error means and why it is raised. We walk through an example of this error in action to help you learn how to fix it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">missing 1 required positional argument: \u2018self\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Positional arguments refer to data that is passed into a function. In a class, every function must be given the value \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-inheritance\/\">self<\/a>\u201d. The value of \u201cself\u201d is similar to \u201cthis\u201d in JavaScript. \u201cself\u201d represents the data stored in an object of a class.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you call a class method without first instantiating an object of that class, you get an error. This is because \u201cself\u201d has no value until an object has been instantiated.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common mistakes that are made that cause the \u201cmissing 1 required positional argument: \u2018self\u2019\u201d error are:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Forgetting to instantiate an object of a class<\/li><li>Using the incorrect syntax to instantiate a class<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s walk through each of these causes individually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cause #1: Forgetting to Instantiate an Object<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An object must be instantiated before you can access a method in a class.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Define a class that stores information about a hero in a video game:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>class Hero:\n\tdef __init__(self, name, player_type):\n\t\tself.name = name\n\t\tself.player_type = player_type<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we add a <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-functions\/\">function<\/a> to our class. Functions inside of classes are called methods. This method prints out the name of a player and their player type:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>def show_player(self):\n\t\tprint(&quot;Player Name: &quot; + self.name)\n\t\tprint(&quot;Player Type: &quot; + self.player_type)<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Try to access our class so that we can create a player:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>luke = Hero.show_player()<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We have created an object that is assigned to the <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/python-variables\/\">variable<\/a> \u201cluke\u201d. This object is derived from the Hero class. We call the <code>show_player()<\/code> method to show information about the player.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s run our code altogether and see what happens:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File &quot;main.py&quot;, line 10, in &lt;module&gt;\n\tluke = Hero.show_player()\nTypeError: show_player() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our code fails. This is because we have not instantiated an object of Hero. <code>Hero.show_player()<\/code> does not work because we haven\u2019t created a Hero whose information can be displayed.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To solve this error, we first instantiate an object before we call <code>show_player()<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>luke = Hero(&quot;Luke&quot;, &quot;Mage&quot;)\nluke.show_player()<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Run our code again:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>Player Name: Luke\nPlayer Type: Mage<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our code runs successfully! We\u2019ve first declared a variable called \u201cluke\u201d which stores information about a player called Luke. Luke\u2019s player type is \u201cMage\u201d. Now that we have instantiated that object, we can call the <code>show_player()<\/code> method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cause #2: Incorrectly Instantiating a Class<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cmissing 1 required positional argument: \u2018self\u2019\u201d error can occur when you incorrectly instantiate a class. Consider the following code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>luke = Hero\nluke.show_player()<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>While this code is similar to our solution from the last example, it is incorrect. This is because we have not added any parenthesis after the word Hero. By missing these parentheses, our program does not know that we want to instantiate a class.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Solve this problem by adding parenthesis after Hero and specifying the required arguments, \u201cname\u201d and \u201cplayer_type\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>luke = Hero(&quot;Luke&quot;, &quot;Mage&quot;)\nluke.show_player()<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our code now runs successfully and returns information about our player:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>Player Name: Luke\nPlayer Type: Mage<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cmissing 1 required positional argument: \u2018self\u2019\u201d error is raised when you do not instantiate an object of a class before calling a class method. This error is also raised when you incorrectly instantiate a class.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To solve this error, make sure that you first instantiate an object of a class before you try to access any of that class&#8217; methods. Then, check to make sure you use the right syntax to instantiate an object.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now you\u2019re ready to solve this common error like an <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/coding-in-python-for-beginners\/\">expert Python developer<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python classes need to be instantiated, or called, before you can access their methods. If you forget to instantiate an object of a class and try to access a class method, you encounter an error saying \u201cmissing 1 required positional argument: \u2018self\u2019\u201d. In this guide, we talk about what this error means and why it&hellip;","protected":false},"author":240,"featured_media":21193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16578],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21192","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-python"},"acf":{"post_sub_title":"","sprint_id":"","query_class":"Python","school_sft":"","parent_sft":"","school_privacy_policy":"","has_review":null,"is_sponser_post":"","is_guest_post":[]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Python missing 1 required positional argument: \u2018self\u2019 | Career Karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On Career Karma, learn about the Python missing 1 required positional 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