{"id":24160,"date":"2020-10-13T11:31:46","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T18:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/?p=24160"},"modified":"2023-12-01T04:01:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T12:01:32","slug":"what-is-a-git-head","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/what-is-a-git-head\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a Git HEAD?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>You\u2019ll encounter the term \u201cHEAD\u201d as you use Git, no matter what commands you run. You\u2019ll find this term widely used throughout the Git documentation. What does it mean?<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, we\u2019re going to answer that question. We\u2019ll discuss, in detail, what a Git HEAD is and how you can find out what HEAD you are viewing. We\u2019ll walk through a few commands that will help you deepen your understanding of Git HEADs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Branching?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we begin, we must talk about branching. Git lets you divide your codebase over <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/git-branch\/\">Git branches<\/a>. Each branch is an independent line of development on which you can code.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Having branches lets you work on different versions of a repository at the same time. One branch can host the \u201cmain\u201d code for your repository, which is the version you\u2019d use in production. Another branch may contain the code for a bug fix, or the code for a new feature.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Separate lines of development help with version control on a new project.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It would not be wise to make a bug fix directly to the main version of a codebase before that bug fix has been tested and reviewed by all the necessary parties. By having a branch on which the bug is fixed, a discussion can go on about how to fix the bug that is away from the main code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a Git HEAD?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The term HEAD refers to the <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/git-commit\/\">current commit<\/a> you are viewing.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By default, you\u2019ll view the tip of the master branch on a repository, unless the main branch of your repository has a different name. The tip of the master branch is the most recent commit on the main branch of your codebase.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can find out what HEAD you are viewing by opening the .git\/HEAD file in your repository:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>cat .git\/HEAD<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/linux-cat-command\/\">cat command<\/a> shows us the contents of our HEAD configuration file:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>ref: refs\/heads\/master<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The final word in the file, \u201cmaster\u201d, tells us the branch we are viewing.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can switch branches and commits by using the <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/git-checkout\/\">git checkout command<\/a> to change your HEAD pointer in Git:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>git checkout dev<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This will move us onto the \u201cdev\u201d branch in our repository. If we view the .git\/HEAD file again, we&#8217;ll see that its contents have changed:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>ref: refs\/heads\/dev<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This file now says that we are viewing the \u201cdev\u201d branch in our working directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Git HEADs and Detached HEADs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Git HEADs can represent a particular commit in the history of a project. This is because Git lets you check out different points in a repository\u2019s history to view how your project has evolved.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can check out a specific commit using the checkout command. This time, we\u2019re going to specify the hash pointing to the commit rather than the name of a branch:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>git checkout 9ad202d538c6ee6448e2c1ecc080c292cc761771<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This command will check out a commit from our repository\u2019s history. When we run this command, we enter into what is called a <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/git-head-detached-at\/\">detached HEAD state<\/a>. This means we are viewing a commit rather than a branch.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In detached HEAD state, we can look around our repository. We can make changes to our files as they appeared in the commit we are viewing. We can save the changes we make by creating a new commit.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s open up our .git\/HEAD file again and see what it says:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>9ad202d538c6ee6448e2c1ecc080c292cc761771<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead of pointing to a branch ref (i.e. \u201crefs\/heads\/dev\u201d), our HEAD now points to a particular commit. We can move back to our main branch by running git checkout again:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-codemirror-blocks-code-block code-block\"><pre>git checkout master<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This moves us back to the \u201cmaster\u201d branch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HEAD vs. head<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The HEAD is the commit or branch you are presently viewing. Notice we have used all capital letters to denote this status.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You may see \u201chead\u201d written in lowercase. When \u201chead\u201d is written in lowercase, it can refer to any one of the \u201cheads\u201d in a repository. For instance, \u201cmaster\u201d is a \u201chead\u201d because it is a reference to a branch.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we are viewing the master branch, then \u201cmaster\u201d is also our HEAD. If we are not viewing the master branch, then whatever branch or commit we are viewing is our HEAD.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A repository can contain a number of heads but only one HEAD.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This may sound confusing. Let\u2019s summarize HEAD vs. head in a sentence: A HEAD in all caps is a reference or commit in your repository that you are viewing, whereas a \u201chead\u201d with no caps is a head that you are not viewing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Git relies on the HEAD concept to track what commit or reference you are viewing. You can change your head by checking out another branch or a commit in your repository.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you check out an old commit, you\u2019ll enter a detached HEAD state. This is when you are no longer viewing the tip of the current branch (the most recent version of a branch). Instead, you are viewing how a repository appeared at a particular point in time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"You\u2019ll encounter the term \u201cHEAD\u201d as you use Git, no matter what commands you run. You\u2019ll find this term widely used throughout the Git documentation. What does it mean? In this guide, we\u2019re going to answer that question. We\u2019ll discuss, in detail, what a Git HEAD is and how you can find out what HEAD&hellip;","protected":false},"author":240,"featured_media":23732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17286],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24160","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-git"},"acf":{"post_sub_title":"","sprint_id":"","query_class":"What is a {technical term}","school_sft":"","parent_sft":"","school_privacy_policy":"","has_review":null,"is_sponser_post":"","is_guest_post":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a Git HEAD?: A Complete Guide | Career Karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Git HEAD is the commit or branch you are viewing in a code repository. 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On Career Karma, learn about Git HEAD, heads and how they are used in Git.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/what-is-a-git-head\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Career Karma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"http:\/\/facebook.com\/careerkarmaapp\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-13T18:31:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-01T12:01:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nordwood-themes-kRNZiGKtz48-unsplash.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1020\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"680\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"James Gallagher\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@career_karma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@career_karma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"James Gallagher\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"James Gallagher\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e79364792443fbff794a144c67ec8e94\"},\"headline\":\"What is a Git HEAD?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-13T18:31:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-01T12:01:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":839,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/nordwood-themes-kRNZiGKtz48-unsplash.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Git\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/\",\"name\":\"What is a Git HEAD?: A Complete Guide | Career Karma\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-a-git-head\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/nordwood-themes-kRNZiGKtz48-unsplash.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-13T18:31:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-01T12:01:32+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/careerkarma.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e79364792443fbff794a144c67ec8e94\"},\"description\":\"The Git HEAD is the commit or branch you are viewing in a code repository. 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