{"id":8866,"date":"2020-07-15T21:09:13","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T04:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/?p=8866"},"modified":"2022-09-08T19:58:24","modified_gmt":"2022-09-09T02:58:24","slug":"java-vs-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/","title":{"rendered":"Java vs C: Differences Compared and Contrasted"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>C is a procedural, low level, and compiled language. Java is an object-oriented, high level, and interpreted language. Java uses objects, while C uses functions. Java is easier to learn and use because it\u2019s high level, while C can do more and perform faster because it\u2019s closer to machine code.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>When the question \u201cwhich language is better?\u201d comes up, the obvious answer is \u201cit depends.\u201d Understandably, you want to make sure you\u2019re investing your time and resources towards learning a language that you can thrive in and land one of the<a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/best-tech-jobs\/\"> best tech jobs<\/a> with.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When choosing between Java vs C, you\u2019re choosing between two of the oldest programming languages still in widespread, mainstream use. So the better question to ask is: what are the differences between Java and C, and which should <em>I<\/em> choose?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s discuss why the history of these two languages makes up an important part of computer science history in general, the differences between Java and C, and which language is better to use under which circumstances. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f346e8421d5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f346e8421d5\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#c-a-beginning\" >C: A Beginning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#java-the-challenger\" >Java: The Challenger<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#java-vs-c-a-comparison\" >Java vs C: A Comparison<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#java-vs-c-object-oriented-vs-procedural\" >Java vs C: Object-Oriented vs Procedural<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#c-vs-java-low-level-vs-high-level\" >C vs Java: Low Level vs High Level<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#java-vs-c-interpreted-vs-compiled\" >Java vs C: Interpreted vs Compiled<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#c-vs-java-memory\" >C vs Java: Memory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#java-vs-c-speed-which-is-faster\" >Java vs C Speed: Which is Faster?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#which-should-you-learn-first-java-or-c\" >Which Should You Learn First: Java or C?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/java-vs-c\/#and-the-winner-is%e2%80%a6\" >And the Winner Is\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c-a-beginning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c-a-beginning\"><\/span>C: A Beginning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"125\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c-logo.png\" alt=\"C Logo\" class=\"wp-image-9069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c-logo.png 125w, https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c-logo-20x20.png 20w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>C was developed in 1972 to use with the UNIX operating system, which at the time was being developed by Bell Labs. This was a crucial moment in computer science history as every operating system since then has its roots in UNIX (which itself was partially written in C). This means C is either present in or has influenced almost every piece of software used today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C has also had an incredible influence on the languages that have followed it\u2014including Java. While C is still used today for scripting and other behind the scene tasks, offshoots of the language like C++ or C# are now more widely used for apps and programs used by the general public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-java-the-challenger\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"java-the-challenger\"><\/span>Java: The Challenger<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"231\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/java-logo.png\" alt=\"Java logo\" class=\"wp-image-6906\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Java was developed by Sun Microsystems in the years between 1991 and 1995; originally to be embedded in digital televisions. Now it can run on a dizzyingly wide variety of platforms. According to Oracle, three billion devices currently have Java installed on them. The most widely seen platform for Java development is in Android devices, all of which use code written in Java language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A common question from people starting in programming is: How is Java related to JavaScript? Luckily, there\u2019s an easy answer\u2026not at all. When JavaScript was first being developed by Netscape for web browser scripting (then called LiveScript), Java was growing in popularity. Seeing a trend, Netscape threw&nbsp; \u201cJava\u201d into the name, causing some confusion for years. Rest assured, you do not need to know JavaScript to <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/how-to-learn-java\/\">learn Java<\/a> or vice versa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-java-vs-c-a-comparison\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"java-vs-c-a-comparison\"><\/span><strong>Java vs C: A Comparison<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a look at both languages and compare them on different fronts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-java-vs-c-object-oriented-vs-procedural\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"java-vs-c-object-oriented-vs-procedural\"><\/span><strong>Java vs C: Object-Oriented vs Procedural<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One fundamental difference between these two languages is that Java is an object-oriented programming language while C is a procedural language. What does this mean for you as a programmer? It\u2019s a question of which paradigm each language uses to model working with a problem.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Java breaks the world down into objects: everything is modeled as a thing\u2014an object\u2014with certain qualities and capabilities. Objects are reusable and malleable, meaning you don\u2019t have to continually reinvent the wheel when you\u2019re writing. These objects then interact with one another in specific ways depending on their identities. A shape object, for example, won\u2019t have a smell but it will have a color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C, on the other hand, is a procedural language, meaning it will put data through different processes (which are called procedures or functions) as the program runs. A procedural program will start at the top and work its way down in a linear fashion. Although the code might re-route to different points in the program, it\u2019s still following a specified sequence. You can almost think of it like a <em>Choose Your Own Adventure <\/em>book, following directions depending on data.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neither way of working is inherently better than the other. Rather, it\u2019s a question of what makes sense for the problems you\u2019re tackling and (perhaps more importantly) what makes more sense for you as you\u2019re trying to solve a problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c-vs-java-low-level-vs-high-level\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c-vs-java-low-level-vs-high-level\"><\/span><strong>C vs Java: Low Level vs High Level<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C is a low-level language. This means that your interaction with your computer while writing in C is closer to the machine code (the ones and zeros) that is at the lowest level of the machine. It\u2019s still using syntax that you\u2019ll recognize with the English language, but it has less abstraction or distance from machine code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Java is a high-level language: it has a syntax that\u2019s more distant or abstracted from the machine instructions; it\u2019s closer to human language. Because of this Java is typically easier to learn and use.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If programming languages were compared to human languages, a high-level programming language would be like Spanish is to English. Without training, it may seem hard to understand save for a few words, but Spanish is still relatively easy to learn for an English speaker. Low-level programming languages are farther from our natural language and closer to machine code, much like how Chinese is much farther from English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because they work closer to the actual machine code of the computer, lower-level languages are generally considered to be harder to read than higher-level ones, but more effective as they operate more closely with the hardware.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another way to look at it is: A higher-level language is usually more human-readable but at the expense of obscuring a lot of the machinery and activity going on under the surface. A low-level language can be verbose and hard to follow initially, but you are privy to every machination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-java-vs-c-interpreted-vs-compiled\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"java-vs-c-interpreted-vs-compiled\"><\/span><strong>Java vs C: Interpreted vs Compiled<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s another very important point of difference that will get us into the guts of how computers read a program you write: Java is a semi-interpreted language\u2014using the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)\u2014while C is a compiled language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s break that down by looking at how we communicate with a computer. Whenever you write a program\u2014no matter what language, high or low level\u2014it\u2019s always interpreted in some way by the processor. In other words, it has more steps of translation it has to go through to run your program. An interpreted program is like having a native speaker translate a text for you as you read it, whereas a compiled program is like having the full text sent to you already translated.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What does this mean for you as a programmer? Compiled languages have a reputation for being faster and more efficient than interpreted languages and allow for lower-level control, like memory management. As indicated by the name, they need to be compiled\u2014the program has to be built by the compiler\u2014before they can run. This means an extra step every time you make a change in your program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Interpreted languages can run after any change without that extra step. Simply change what you want and run it. The trade-off comes with a slightly slower performance; although this is becoming less the case over time as interpreted languages are getting faster and faster.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c-vs-java-memory\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c-vs-java-memory\"><\/span><strong>C vs Java: Memory<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One big task that C programmers have to manage themselves is memory management. When manipulating data in a C program, the developer needs to use calls like \u2018malloc\u2019 (memory allocation) and \u2018free\u2019 to outline whatever memory their program will need to use. Java uses something called a garbage collector to delete any objects that are no longer used. In other words, Java manages memory for you.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Think of it a bit like driving a manual transmission versus driving an automatic. If you don\u2019t want to worry about switching gears and would rather just concentrate on driving, you\u2019d get an automatic. But if you like the control that comes from managing the shifting yourself (for example, in bad weather), you\u2019re going to prefer a manual transmission. If this is your first language, Java might be a little more approachable in this respect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-java-vs-c-speed-which-is-faster\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"java-vs-c-speed-which-is-faster\"><\/span><strong>Java vs C Speed: Which is Faster?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If it\u2019s a question of concern about the speed between Java and C, it\u2019s a bit hard to do an apples-to-apples comparison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One thing that does edge C ahead is that it is possible to write code that is extremely barebones with little overhead. That\u2019s because it is a lower-level language, meaning it doesn\u2019t need the same syntactical baggage a higher-level language requires. In addition, C has no built-in garbage collector to slow it down, and the language is compiled, meaning the language does not need to be interpreted on the spot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Java is compiled into a lower language, then interpreted. It also has automatic garbage collection, and it\u2019s farther from machine code in the first place. Because of this C code tends to run faster than Java, but difference depends on what\u2019s being done and how well the code has been optimized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-should-you-learn-first-java-or-c\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which-should-you-learn-first-java-or-c\"><\/span><strong>Which Should You Learn First: Java or C?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Learning C is a little bit like learning Latin: you\u2019ll have the basis for a lot of other programming languages, making it that much easier to learn them. C is used in a number of contexts for scripting and other lower-level tasks. However, odds are good you\u2019re not going to write the next <em>Angry Birds<\/em> with it (but with a lot of work, you could).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Java is going to be slightly more approachable given it\u2019s a higher-level language than C. The tradeoff is that you might not fully understand everything that is happening in a program at the expense of brevity and speed of learning. Although, if you wanted to take a deeper dive into what Java is doing, the means are there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Java programming is much more widespread in use with application programming and other public-facing programs. You\u2019re probably going to see more job listings that explicitly call for Java programmers, but even those numbers are dropping. Still, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/most-popular-programming-languages-github-2019-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" rel=\"nofollow\">Github lists Java as the third most popular language in its repositories<\/a>, meaning people are actively using it. While C is listed at number 9 (note that C++ and C#\u2014two very popular offshoots of C\u2014are at 6 and 5 respectively.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re approaching programming for the first time, you\u2019d understandably want to start with one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/easiest-programming-languages-to-learn\/\">easiest programming languages<\/a>. Neither C nor Java can truthfully be described as easy, but they\u2019d both give you a rich introduction to some important programming concepts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-and-the-winner-is\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"and-the-winner-is%e2%80%a6\"><\/span><strong>And the Winner Is\u2026<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re looking to learn a computer language to further your skills, both Java and C are excellent candidates and would be great foundations for continuing to learn other languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enrolling in <a href=\"https:\/\/careerkarma.com\/blog\/online-c-courses\/\">online C programming courses<\/a> will force you to learn more \u201cunder the hood\u201d aspects of programming as you deal with lower-level workings of computer science and software development. Java is an excellent introduction to object-oriented programming, which is a very widely used programming paradigm.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Part of being a developer is being adaptive to change, so either of these languages would give you a solid background to learn and adapt to whatever coding challenges come your way. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"C is a procedural, low level, and compiled language. Java is an object-oriented, high level, and interpreted language. Java uses objects, while C uses functions. Java is easier to learn and use because it\u2019s high level, while C can do more and perform faster because it\u2019s closer to machine code. When the question \u201cwhich language&hellip;","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":9077,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50470],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8866","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tech-guides"},"acf":{"post_sub_title":"","sprint_id":"","query_class":"Java","school_sft":"","parent_sft":"","school_privacy_policy":"","has_review":null,"is_sponser_post":"","is_guest_post":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Java vs C: Compared and Contrasted | Career Karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Java and C are two of the oldest computer languages still in widespread use, and both have much to offer Let\u2019s compare 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