HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning), or HVAC/R (including refrigeration), is a system that provides heating, cooling, and ventilation to residential homes and commercial buildings year-round. HVAC mechanics and installers play a vital role in maintaining the indoor environments that people rely on daily. These professionals install, repair, and maintain the systems that regulate air quality and humidity—all essential services for communities.
This profession not only provides steady work and opportunities for advancement but is also AI-proof. Is HVAC a good career for you? Keep reading to find out.
Key takeaways:
- The training to become an HVAC professional can range from six months to four years in duration.
- The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that the HVAC profession is in high demand, with a projected job growth of 8% from 2024 to 2034.1
- HVAC professionals earn a median annual salary of nearly $60,000.1
What does an HVAC technician do?
HVAC technicians and mechanics work with systems that heat, cool, and ventilate buildings. Their job sites can range from small utility closets to large, outdoor spaces. While many HVAC professionals work full time, their schedules vary. They can also have different assignments, such as installing new A/C units, troubleshooting system failures, or testing refrigerant levels.
The HVAC career path requires a lot of traveling, and you can expect some assignments to extend late into the evening, occur on weekends, and include on-call shifts for emergencies.
HVAC professionals can work in various settings, including homes, office buildings, schools, hospitals, factories, and even data centers. Many may go on to specialize in certain areas, such as residential or commercial service, industrial systems, energy auditing, or project management.2
Some key skills of an HVAC professional include:3
- Physical strength and stamina
- Customer service
- Problem-solving
- Technical literacy
It’s a hands-on career that combines technical expertise with practical application, making it ideal for individuals who enjoy working independently and appreciate seeing tangible results of their work.
Why HVAC can be a good career
Here are the benefits of joining this profession:
High demand for HVAC workers
As millions of commercial buildings and residential homes become more energy efficient, older HVAC systems will need to be replaced or retrofitted, which means there will be a demand for qualified technicians.4 The BLS expects the HVAC field to grow by 8% by 2034.1
No four-year degree required
Unlike many professions that require a bachelor’s degree, HVAC offers multiple entry points through short-term training programs and apprenticeships. At a minimum, states may require a high school diploma or GED to enroll in an HVAC training program.5 The length of the program or apprenticeship can vary, with some graduates finishing within six months and others taking several years.
Here’s a breakdown of each program:6
- Certificate: Six to 12 months, making it the quickest way to enter the HVAC field
- Associate degree: 18 to 24 months, offering broader options for long-term careers
- Apprenticeship: Two to four years with paid training and a long-term commitment
These shorter programs make HVAC a great career choice for those seeking to earn money sooner and avoid student loan debt.
No day is the same
Every job site and task is different, and HVAC contractors and employees encounter a variety of issues, which keeps the work interesting and dynamic. In addition, HVAC skills are easily transferable across regions.
Room for advancement and higher earning potential
Beginning as an entry-level certified HVAC technician can lead to several career paths, including senior technician, systems designer, HVAC manager, or entrepreneur. A skilled HVAC technician can often earn competitive salaries, and some specialize in high-demand areas, such as refrigeration, solar integration, or smart climate control systems.
Considerations for starting an HVAC career
While being an HVAC-R technician can be a good career choice and provides job security, it’s not a one-size-fits-all profession. Working in this field can have challenges that you’ll want to consider.
Physically demanding work and varying environments
Working in the HVAC industry can be physically demanding. Technicians may lift HVAC equipment or components and work in cramped or outdoor environments. Your work assignments may also require working in extreme cold or heat.
Inconsistent hours
Although many HVAC-R technicians work nine-to-five, emergencies arise, especially during extreme weather conditions. Overtime, evening, and weekend work may be part of this career path, although it typically comes with additional compensation.
Ongoing learning requirements
As green technology continues to evolve, the HVAC field must keep pace with these changes. Modern home and commercial HVAC systems feature smart thermostats, motion-activated air conditioning systems, and dual heat pumps, which often require mechanics to upskill.7 Keeping certifications up to date and learning new tools and software is an essential part of staying competitive in this field.
Licensing and upfront investment
Depending on the state you work in, you might need one or more licenses or certifications to work legally in the HVAC career path. You’ll also have to invest in quality tools and safety equipment out of pocket. While HVAC training programs are relatively cheaper than a four-year degree, costs can still range from $1,200 to $15,000.8 This doesn’t include the costs of apprenticeships, which can range from $500 to $2,000.6
Being aware of these factors upfront can help you determine whether this work aligns with your career goals and lifestyle.
How to get started in HVAC (training and time frame)
If you’ve weighed the pros and cons of joining the HVAC technician career and think it’s the right choice for you, there are a few paths you can take to get started in the field.
Certificate programs
Several community colleges, technical schools, and trade schools offer short-term online and in-person HVAC certificate programs. These programs prepare students for certification and entry-level roles:
To give you an example, here’s a look at what knowledge and skills prospective students can gain from Midwest Technical Institute’s HVAC/R Technician program:9
- Tools and job-site safety
- Air quality and air-distribution basics
- Identifying and diagnosing heat pump applications and refrigeration systems
- Installation and troubleshooting of malfunctioning systems
- Employment and certification exam preparation
Associate degree programs
An associate degree in HVAC technology provides more in-depth knowledge of the field, making graduates more competitive in attaining supervisory or specialized roles. You can expect topics like heating fundamentals, duct installation, and electrical circuits.10 These programs may also provide students with the opportunity to gain experience while in school through internship or co-op experiences.
Apprenticeships
With an apprenticeship, you’ll receive a combination of paid on-the-job training and classroom instruction. This opportunity is an excellent way to earn a paycheck while gaining valuable knowledge. You’ll work under the supervision of a licensed technician while studying topics like system diagnostics, electrical systems, and blueprint reading. The potential downside of this pathway is that they take much longer to complete—typically lasting about four years.11
Licensing and certification
Most HVAC mechanics and technicians are required to earn EPA Section 608 certification to work with refrigeration systems.12 Some states may require additional licensing or registration, so be sure to double-check your state’s requirements before enrolling in a program.
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When searching for an HVAC program, use this checklist to ensure you pick the right one:
- Hands-on labs with real HVAC systems
- Strong job placement or apprenticeship connections
- Instructor with extensive industry experience
- Employer partnerships, internships, or co-op opportunities
Here’s an example timeline for getting into the HVAC field:
- Up to six months: Enroll in a certificate or college program.
- Six to 12 months: Complete coursework and hands-on labs.
- Twelve months and beyond: Earn EPA 608 certification and begin applying for entry-level jobs.
- Two years and beyond: Pursue advanced certifications or apprenticeships for specialization.
Job outlook and earnings
The HVAC technician job outlook is very promising. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that employment in this industry is expected to grow by 8% from 2024 to 2034, which is faster than the average growth rate for all occupations.1 New construction, aging systems, and increasing demand for green technology drive this growth.13
The median annual wage for HVAC professionals was $59,810 in 2024, with the top 10% earning more than $90,000.1 Wages can vary by location, experience, and specialization.14
HVAC training programs have a strong return on investment.15 Many graduates may begin working full time in the industry within a year, often earning competitive wages with room for advancement. Over time, experience, specialization, and additional certifications may increase your salary and job security.
Frequently asked questions
Here are some common questions about careers in the HVAC industry.
Is HVAC a good career for high school graduates?
Yes. Many people pursue the HVAC career path immediately after high school. Entry-level programs usually only require a high school diploma or GED.
How long does HVAC training take?
A certificate program can last anywhere from six months to a year, an associate degree can take approximately two years, and apprenticeships can last four years.
Does HVAC require licensing in every state?
No. However, most states have some form of regulation in place. At a minimum, HVAC technicians must have an EPA 608 certification to work with refrigeration systems. Some states may also require additional licenses and certifications.
Can I advance to owning a business?
Yes. Many experienced HVAC technicians transition into starting their own HVAC businesses after several years in the field.
How stable is work in HVAC?
It’s very stable. Heating and cooling systems require year-round maintenance and HVAC repair, resulting in steady work.
Get started as an HVAC technician
If you enjoy hands-on technical work and seek job security, a career in HVAC might be the right fit for you. It offers a quicker path to employment for those who want to avoid a four-year degree, and there’s always a need for these professionals, thanks to the ever-evolving heating and cooling technology.
If you’re ready to take the plunge, start by researching accredited HVAC training programs in your state—or in another state you’d like to relocate to. Don’t skip over comparing costs, placement rates, and hands-on training. Program websites don’t always paint the full picture, so don’t hesitate to contact their admissions office for more information.
Start exploring accredited HVAC training programs today.
Sources
2https://ntinow.edu/specialized-career-paths-in-hvac/
4 https://www.energystar.gov/about/how-energy-star-protects-environment/energy-efficiency
5https://www.utc.edu/academic-affairs/center-for-professional-education/hvacr-technician
6https://www.neit.edu/blog/how-much-does-hvac-school-cost#
7https://iticollege.edu/blog/green-hvac-the-future-of-energy-efficient-climate/
8https://www.cbt.edu/blog/how-much-does-hvac-school-cost/
9https://www.midwesttech.edu/programs/hvac-refrigeration-training/
10https://catalog.ivytech.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=11&poid=9543&returnto=1291
11https://www.cbt.edu/blog/how-long-is-trade-school-for-hvac-technicians/
12https://www.epa.gov/section608/section-608-technician-certification-requirements
13https://ntinow.edu/why-hvac-r-technicians-are-in-high-demand/
14https://www.servicetitan.com/blog/hvac-technician-salary
15https://www.genesiscareer.edu/hvac-job-outlook-career-choice-2025/
